酸性离子液体[BPy]HSO4和[BMMIm]HSO4催化合成查尔酮反应机理探讨

离子液体作为绿色的溶剂和催化剂具有很多独特的性质,特别是离子液体的可设计性,使其具有酸性可调的特点.分别以酸性离子液体[BPy] HSO4和[BMMIm] HSO4为催化剂,在无溶剂条件下考察了两种离子液体对Claisen-Schmidt缩合的不同催化效果,探讨了两种离子液体在查尔酮合成中可能的催化机理.     

在离子液体中合成淀粉基絮凝剂的研究

以淀粉和丙烯酰胺为原料,在离子液体氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑中通过接枝共聚反应合成了丙烯酰胺-淀粉絮凝剂.研究了淀粉在离子液体和水中溶解情况的差异.通过傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了丙烯酰胺与淀粉分子发生了接枝共聚反应.考察了丙烯酰胺与淀粉的质量之比、引发剂用量、反应温度和时间对接枝共聚反应的影响.比较了在离子液体和水中合成得到的絮凝剂在高岭土悬浊液中的絮凝能力.     

[PECHBIm][PF_6]离子液体作为气相色谱固定相的性能研究

合成了一种聚合离子液体[PECHBIm][PF6],考察了其分解温度,确定了此离子液体作为气相色谱固定液的最高使用温度,测定了相对极性。以该离子液体作为固定液制作的气相色谱填充柱,对苯系混合物、烷烃混合物、醇系混合物均具有较好的分离效果。     

Pulse radiolysis studies of functionally substituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids

The reactions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids having different substituent groups on the ring with hydrated electrons (eaq-),hydroxyl radicals (·OH),and sulfate anion radicals (SO4·-) were investigated using nanosecond pulse radiolysis techniques.The spectra of these ionic liquids on reaction with eaq-all exhibited a similar peak at about 320 nm,and a typical peak for eaq-in aqueous ionic liquid solutions.The reaction rate constants for 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium-based ionic liquid hexafluorophosphates (BMIPF 6) with eaq-were deduced to be 10 10 L mol-1s-1,however the values were lower for trisubstituted ionic liquids.For example,the rate constant for 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMMIBF 4) was 5.5×10 9 L mol-1s-1.Imidazolium-based ionic liquids reacted with hydroxyl radicals via adducts to produce a mixture of isomeric OH adducts,and the pk a value of the OH adducts was deduced to be 8.4±0.4 for 1-butyl-3-methylimdazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF 4).Moreover,imidazolium cations were also oxidized by SO4·-to produce bivalent cation radicals,which exhibit a peak at 320 nm,and these rate constants are of the same order of magnitude,i.e.,10 9 L mol-1s-1,except that for 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimdazolium tetrafluoroborate with SO4·-(k=2.8×10 8 L mol-1 s-1).Theoretical calculations were carried out to estimate the structures of the products of reduction by eaq- and the results were related to the experimental data.     

Ionic liquids containing the urea moiety for recognition of halides and complex anions

A series of novel imidazolium based ionic liquids containing the urea moiety were designed and synthesized for anion recognition. 1-Ethylurea-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Eumim]OAc) was used as the receptor for the halides and complex anions (BF4-, PF6-, BPh4-). 1H NMR spectra showed that the urea protons and imidazolium C(2) proton of the receptor ([Eumim]OAc) moved upfield on addition of various anions. A Job plot showed that the [Eumim]OAc receptor formed a 1:1 complex with BPh4-. X-ray diffraction analysis and the molecular modeling study revealed that the conformations of [Eumim]OAc and [Eumim]BPh4 were different. The conformational change of the cation was caused by anion exchange, and may provide an alternative to current methods for recognition of anions.     

离子液体催化合成阻燃剂3-羟基苯膦酰丙酸

采用两步法合成3-羟基苯膦酰丙酸(CEPPA),即以三氯化磷与苯为原料,在离子液体三乙基苄基氯化铵氯化铝([BnEt3N]Cl-xAlCl3)催化下,合成苯膦二氯(DCPP),再用DCPP与丙烯酸合成3-羟基苯膦酰丙酸(CEPPA).确定第一步最佳反应条件为:n(三氯化磷)∶n(苯)∶n([BnEt3N]Cl-xAlCl3)=3∶1∶0.025,回流温度为72℃～76℃,反应时间为6 h,产率达81.1%;第二步通过改变反应物滴加顺序及调整反应温度,得到最佳反应条件为:n(丙烯酸)∶n(DCPP)=1.30∶1.00;滴加反应阶段,控制在70℃～80℃,反应1.5～2 h后,在90℃保温反应1 h;水解反应阶段,控制在92℃～95℃反应4 h,CEPPA的产率可达91%,并解决了反应中易结块问题.     

Determination of trace heavy metals in milk using an ionic liquid and bismuth oxide nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode

A novel carbon composite electrode modified with bismuth oxide nanoparticles and the ionic liquid n-octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate was fabricated and used to simultaneously determine cadmium and lead levels using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry.This electrode combines the unique advantages of nanomaterials and ionic liquid with the low cost and easy fabrication of the carbon composite electrode.Compared with the traditional binder based composite electrode,our electrode exhibited well-defined and separate stripping voltammetric peaks for cadmium and lead.Furthermore,the antifouling capacity of the bismuth film electrode was significantly improved by the ionic liquid.Under optimized conditions,the linear range of the composite electrode was from 3.0 to 30.0 μg L-1 for both metal ions with a detection limit of 0.15 μg L-1 for cadmium and 0.21 μg L-1 for lead.Trial milk sample analyses showed that the modified electrode was sensitive,reliable and effective for the determination of trace heavy metals,holding great promise for routine analysis applications.     

新电负性标度和化学键离子性的计算(Ⅲ)

提出了新电负性标度Ψ′;提出了化学键A-B离子性的计算公式i=1-ΨA′/ΨB′,i值能把键A-B等分成11个等级,其中离子键占4个等级,极性键占7个等级。i>0 60,键A-B为离子键;i≤0 60,键A-B为极性键。     

3''''-羧基吡啶均三嗪活性染料的研究 Ⅱ.季铵化活性基的水解动力学

采用离子时高效液相色谱法在近中性范围内研究了３‘羧基吡啶均三嗪及一氯均三嗪染 料的水解过程，得到一系列水解动力学常数；考察了温度及Ｐｒｔ值对染料水解反应的影响， 结果表明，在较低温度条件下，ｐＨ是影响水解较大的因素，随着温度的升高，温度对水 解反应的影响明显增强；３’－羧基吡啶均三嗪染料的活泼性较氯均三嗪染料的活泼性 要高二个数量级。     

分散深蓝新染料的合成及性能

以2-甲氧基-5-乙酰氨基苯胺为原料,经烷基化、重氮偶合等反应制备了一系列蓝色分散染料。结构式为:式中X为卤素,Y为—NO_2、—CN;R、R_3为—CH_3、—C_2H_5;R_1、R_2为—C_2H_4OH、—C_2H_4OCOCH_3;—C_2H_4CN、—CH_2—■、—CH_2—CH=CH_2。染料的最大吸收波长为580—630 nm;摩尔消光系数为3.46—4.10×10~4(mol/L)~(-1)cm~(-1),溶解度参数19.46—22.18(J~(1/2)/cm~(3/2))。